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Annual or perennial herbs or small subshrubs. Stems often 4-angled. Leaves opposite or in false whorls. Stipular sheath present, divided into 1-many fimbriae. Flowers bisexual, usually in axillary many flowered clusters (which may run together to form a spike-like inflorescence); less often in terminal capitula. Flowers frequently intermixed with numerous ± scarious, filiform bracteoles. Calyx lobes 2-4(-8). Corolla funnel-shaped or salver-shaped; lobes (3-)4. Stamens 4, anthers usually exserted. Ovary 2-locular. Fruit usually a 2-valved capsule. Worldwide: c. 150 - 250 species, mainly America, but also widespread in the tropics and subtropics Malawi: 15 taxa. |
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| Species | FZ divisions | Content |
| arvensis (Hiern) Good | N,C | |
| congensis (Bremek.) Verdc. | N | |
| dibrachiata Oliv. | N,C,S | Description, Image |
| filifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) J.-P. Lebrun & Stork | N | Description, Image |
| huillensis (Hiern) Good | N | |
| latituba (K. Schum.) Verdc. | N,S | |
| mauritiana Gideon | N | |
| natalensis Hochst. | N,C,S | Description, Image |
| princeae (K. Schum.) Verdc. var. pubescens (Hepper) Verdc. | N,C,S | |
| princeae (K.Schum.) Verdc. var. princeae | N,S | Description, Image |
| pusilla Wall. | N,C,S | Description, Image |
| quadrisulcata (Bremek.) Verdc. | C | |
| senensis (Klotzsch) Hiern | N,C,S | Description, Image |
| sphaerostigma (A. Rich.) Vatke | N,C,S | Description, Image |
| subvulgata (K. Schum.) Garcia var. subvulgata | N,C,S | Description, Image |
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