Cyathea manniana Hook.

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Cyathea manniana

Photo: Bart Wursten
Bunga Forest, Vumba

Cyathea manniana

Photo: Bart Wursten
Bunga Forest, Vumba

Cyathea manniana

Photo: Bart Wursten
Bunga Forest, Vumba

Cyathea manniana

Photo: Bart Wursten
Bunga Forest, Vumba

Cyathea manniana

Photo: Bart Wursten
Bunga Forest, Vumba

Cyathea manniana

Photo: Bart Wursten
Bunga Forest, Vumba

Cyathea manniana

Photo: Petra Ballings
SRGH

Cyathea manniana

Photo: Bart Wursten
Above fern gully, Vumba

Cyathea manniana

Photo: Petra Ballings
John Meikle Forestry Estate, Stapleford

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Synonyms: Alsophila manniana (Hook.) R. M. Tryon
Cyathea deckenii Kuhn
Cyathea laurentiorum Christ
Cyathea sellae Pirotta
Cyathea usambarensis Hieron.
Common names: Spiny tree fern (English)
Frequency:
Status:
Description:
Tree fern. Caudex slender, 7 m × 10 cm, occasionally sending down lateral "prop" stems which are eventually creeping and may form a new upright caudex. Fronds firmly chartaceous. Stem covered with harsh spines; without aphlebia in the crown of the stem. Stipe spiny, 30 -50 cm long, light to dark brown, covered with glossy, brown, entire, lanceolate scales when young. Lamina up to 2.4 m × 1 m, 3-pinnatifid, ovate in outline. Pinnae up to 52 × 20 cm, oblong, acute, pinnate into narrowly shortly attenuate pinnate pinnules; ultimate segments narrowly oblong-falcate, apex acute to sharply obtuse, margins entire to minutely crenate; upper surface dark green, glabrous, with minute, brown hair-like scales along the costae, lower surface pale green, glabrous but with brown, ovate scales scattered along the costules and costae; rhachis shiny brown with scattered small prickles, glabrous at maturity. Sori up to 9 per pinnule segment, round, indusium unequally cup-shaped.
Notes:
Derivation of specific name: manniana: first collected by G. Mann, a German botanist
Habitat:
Altitude range:
Worldwide distribution: Angola, Annobon, Bioko, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, DRC, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tomé, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimba
Malawi distribution: N
Growth form(s): Tree, shrub over 2 m, terrestrial.
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters: Display spot characters for this species
Literature:

Burrows, J.E. (1990). Southern African Ferns and Fern Allies. Frandsen, Sandton. Page 87. (Includes a picture).

Burrows, J.E. & Burrows, S.M. (1993). An annotated check-list of the pteridophytes of Malawi Kirkia 14(1) Page 84.

Burrows, J.E. & Willis, C.K. (eds) (2005). Plants of the Nyika Plateau Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 31 SABONET, Pretoria Page 27. (Includes a picture).

Burrows, J.E., Burrows, S.M., Lötter, M.C. & Schmidt, E. (2018). Trees and Shrubs Mozambique Publishing Print Matters (Pty), Cape Town. Page 30. (Includes a picture).

Coates Palgrave, K. (revised and updated by Meg Coates Palgrave) (2002). Trees of Southern Africa 3rd edition. Struik, South Africa Page 73. (Includes a picture).

Da Silva, M.C., Izidine, S. & Amude, A.B. (2004). A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Mozambique. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 30 Sabonet, Pretoria Page 10.

Dowsett-Lemaire, F. (1989). The flora and phytogeography of the evergreen forests of Malawi. I: Afromontane and mid-altitude forests; Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 59(1/2) Page 25.

Drummond, R.B. (1975). A list of trees, shrubs and woody climbers indigenous or naturalised in Rhodesia. Kirkia 10(1) Page 231.

Golding, J.S. (ed.) (2002). Zimbabwe Plant Red Data List. Southern African Plant Red Data Lists. SABONET 14 Page 173.

Jacobsen, W.B.G. (1983). The Ferns and Fern Allies of Southern Africa. Butterworths, Durban and Pretoria. Pages 200 - 201. As Alsophila manniana (Hook.) R.M. Tryon (Includes a picture).

Kornas, J. (1979). Distribution and ecology of the Pteridophytes in Zambia Polska Akademia Nauk Wydzial II Nauk Biologicznych Page 81.

Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 6.

Roux, J.P. (2001). Conspectus of Southern African Pteridophyta. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report 13 Page 86.

Roux, J.P. (2009). Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands Pages 64 - 65. As Alsophila manniana (Hook.) R.M.Tyron

Schelpe, E.A.C.L.E. (1970). Pteridophyta Flora Zambesiaca Pages 72 - 74. (Includes a picture).

White, F., Dowsett-Lemaire, F. & Chapman, J.D. (2001). Evergreen forest flora of Malawi Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Page 78.

Other sources of information about Cyathea manniana:

Our websites:

Flora of Caprivi: cultivated Cyathea manniana
Flora of Mozambique: Cyathea manniana
Flora of Zambia: Cyathea manniana
Flora of Zimbabwe: Cyathea manniana

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Cyathea manniana
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Cyathea manniana
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Cyathea manniana
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Cyathea manniana
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Cyathea manniana
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Cyathea manniana
JSTOR Plant Science: Cyathea manniana
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Cyathea manniana
Plants of the World Online: Cyathea manniana
Tropicos: Cyathea manniana
Wikipedia: Cyathea manniana


Copyright: Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings and Meg Coates Palgrave, 2014-24

Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T., Ballings, P. & Coates Palgrave, M. (2024). Flora of Malawi: Species information: Cyathea manniana.
https://www.malawiflora.com/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=101250, retrieved 19 March 2024

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