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Puff, C. in Verdcourt, B. (1988) Galium Flora Zambesiaca 5(1)
Annual or perennial herbs, erect, creeping or climbing. Stems often 4-angled, sometimes prickly. Stipules similar to the leaves. Leaves (and leaf-like stipules) in whorls of 4-10, ± sessile. Flowers in axillary or terminal cymes, bisexual, rarely unisexual, usually 4-merous, not enclosed in an involucre. Calyx reduced to a rim; teeth 0. Corolla rotate to ± campanulate, greenish, creamy-white to bright yellow. Ovary 2-locular with 1 ovule per loculus. Fruit dry, glabrous or variously hairy, consisting of two 1-seeded mericarps. Derivation of name: Milk (the leaves of Galium verum were used to curdle milk in cheesemaking) Worldwide: 300 species, cosmopolitan Malawi: 6 taxa. The larvae of the following species of insect eat species of this genus:
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| Species | FZ divisions | Content |
| bussei K. Schum. & K. Krause | N,C,S | Description, Image |
| chloroionanthum K. Schum. | N,S | Description, Image |
| scabrellum K. Schum. | N | Description, Image |
| spurium L. subsp. africanum Verdc. | N,C,S | |
| stenophyllum Baker | N,C | |
| thunbergianum Eckl. & Zeyh. var. hirsutum (Sond.) Verdc. | N | Description, Image |
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