1961.000 Ficus L. - Figs

Berg C.C. & Wiebes J.T. (1992) African fig trees and fig wasps. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Amsterdam

Berg, C.C. (1991) Moraceae Flora Zambesiaca 9(6)

Burrows, J.E. & Burrows, S.M. (2003) Figs of Southern and South-Central Africa Umdaus Press, South Africa

Description of the genus

Monoecious or dioecious, trees, shrubs, lianes or epiphytes. Latex milky, rarely watery. Stipules fully or partly amplexicaul or lateral. Leaves almost always alternate, rarely subopposite or subwhorled; lamina with glandular spots in the axils of at least the basal lateral veins beneath or at the base of the midrib beneath. Figs solitary or in pairs, occurring in the leaf axils, or on short spurs on the lesser branches or on leafless branches on the older wood and trunk. Figs composed of an urceolate receptacle with an apical opening (ostiole), the flowers enclosed within. Male flowers: perianth segments 2-6; stamens 1-3. Female flowers: perianth segments 2-6(-7), stigmas 1 or 2. Fruits achene-like or more often ± drupaceous; at the fruiting stage the fig wall becomes ± fleshy.

Although most species start as epiphytes or lithophytes, trees can only mature when rooted into nutrient rich soil. Such soils occur in riverine alluvium, termite mounds, and crumbling buildings. Pollination is brought about by symbiotic wasps (Family Agaonidae). The wasps are species specific to their host trees. While figs are produced predominantly in the growing season (Sep-Mar) they may be found at any time of the year, a necessary condition in order to maintain the wasp populations. Individual fig trees bear figs either irregularly or at periods of more or less than twelve months.

Derivation of name: the classical Latin name for a fig.

Worldwide: c. 750 species in tropical and warm regions

Malawi: 33 taxa.

The larvae of the following species of insect eat species of this genus:
Botyodes asialis
Gonimbrasia belina (Mopane moth, Mopane worm, Anomalous emperor)
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Links to taxa:     View: living plant images - herbarium specimen images - all images for this genus

SpeciesFZ divisionsContent
abutilifolia (Miq.)Miq.C,SDescription, Image
bubu Warb.N,SDescription, Image
burkei (Miq.) Miq.N,C,SDescription, Image
bussei Mildbr. & BurretN,C,SDescription, Image
capreifolia DelileC,SDescription, Image
chirindensis C.C. BergN,C,SDescription, Image
cyathistipula Warb. subsp. cyathistipula NDescription, Image
exasperata VahlN,SDescription, Image
fischeri Mildbr. & BurretSDescription, Image
glumosa DelileN,C,SDescription, Image
ingens (Miq.) Miq.N,C,SDescription, Image
lingua De Wild. & T. Durand subsp. depauperata (Sim) C.C. BergSDescription, Image
lutea VahlN,SDescription, Image
modesta F. White
natalensis Hochst. subsp. natalensis N,SDescription, Image
nigropunctata Mildbr. & BurretNDescription, Image
ottoniifolia (Miq.) Miq. subsp. ulugurensis (Mildbr. & Burret) C.C. BergC,S
ovata VahlNDescription, Image
polita Vahl subsp. brevipedunculata C.C.Berg NDescription
rokko Warb. & Schweinf.Description, Image
salicifolia VahlSDescription
sansibarica Warb. subsp. sansibarica CDescription, Image
scassellatii Pamp. subsp. scassellatii N,C,SDescription, Image
stuhlmannii Warb.NDescription, Image
sur Forssk.N,C,SDescription, Image
sycomorus L.[Agg]N,C,SDescription, Image
sycomorus L. subsp. sycomorus N,C,SDescription, Image
tettensis Hutch.NDescription, Image
thonningii BlumeDescription, Image
tremula Warb.S
trichopoda BakerC,SDescription, Image
vallis-choudae DelileN,SDescription, Image
verruculosa Warb.N,C,SDescription, Image

Other sources of information about Ficus:

Our websites:

Flora of Botswana: Ficus
Flora of Burundi: Ficus
Flora of Caprivi: Ficus
Flora of the DRC: Ficus
Flora of Malawi: cultivated Ficus
Flora of Mozambique: Ficus
Flora of Mozambique: cultivated Ficus
Flora of Rwanda: Ficus
Flora of Zambia: Ficus
Flora of Zambia: cultivated Ficus
Flora of Zimbabwe: Ficus
Flora of Zimbabwe: cultivated Ficus

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Ficus
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Ficus
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Ficus
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Ficus
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Ficus
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Ficus
JSTOR Plant Science: Ficus
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Ficus
Plants of the World Online: Ficus
Tropicos: Ficus
Wikipedia: Ficus

Copyright: Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings and Meg Coates Palgrave, 2014-24

Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T., Ballings, P. & Coates Palgrave, M. (2024). Flora of Malawi: Genus page: Ficus.
https://www.malawiflora.com/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=471, retrieved 14 December 2024

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