Vernonia rhodanthoidea Muschl.

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Hotel Castelo Branco, Chimoio

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Synonyms:	Crystallopollen angustifolium Steetz Polydora angustifolia (Steetz) H. Rob. Vernonia erinacea Wild Vernonia poskeana sensu Oliv. & Hiern
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Description:	Erect, diffusely branched annual or short-lived perennial herb, up to c. 1 m tall. Leaves sessile, filiform to linear, up to 10 cm long, mostly shorter, gland-dotted on both surfaces and with fine rough short hairs above, often mucronate at the apex; margin more or less entire, sometimes rolled under. Capitula few to many in a lax corymbiform or paniculate arrangement; stalks up to 5 cm long, velvety. Involucre up to 7-10 mm long; bracts 4-5-seriate, lanceolate to ovate, 2-7 mm long, finely velvety. Corolla mauve to purple, rarely pink, up to 7.5 mm long, excserted beyond the involucre. Achenes 2-2-5 mm long, 5-6-angular or ribbed; outer pappus short, of oblong-lanceolate, more or less overlapping scales; inner pappus of brown-purplish or grey-brown barbellate setae up to c. 5 mm long.
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Flowering time:	Apr - Jun
Worldwide distribution:	Zambia, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa
Malawi distribution:
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Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Literature:	Burrows, J.E. & Willis, C.K. (eds) (2005). Plants of the Nyika Plateau Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 31 SABONET, Pretoria Page 110. as Vernonia erinacea (Includes a picture). Da Silva, M.C., Izidine, S. & Amude, A.B. (2004). A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Mozambique. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 30 Sabonet, Pretoria Page 36. Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 29. as Vernonia erinacea Phiri, P.S.M. (2005). A Checklist of Zambian Vascular Plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 Page 35. Pope, G.V. (1992). Compositae Flora Zambesiaca 6(1) Pages 148 - 149. as Vernonia erinacea Strugnell, A.M. (2006). A Checklist of the Spermatophytes of Mount Mulanje, Malawi Scripta Botanica Belgica 34 National Botanic Garden of Belgium Page 59. as Vernonia erinacea Wild, H. (1978). The Compositae of the Flora Zambesiaca area. 8. Vernonieae (Vernonia). Kirkia 11(1) Pages 55 - 56. Wild, H. (1978). New and interesting Vernonia species from the Flora Zambesiaca area Kirkia 11(1) Page 2.

Other sources of information about Vernonia rhodanthoidea:

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Flora of Mozambique: Vernonia rhodanthoidea
Flora of Zambia: Vernonia rhodanthoidea
Flora of Zimbabwe: Vernonia rhodanthoidea

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Vernonia rhodanthoidea
African Plant Database: Vernonia rhodanthoidea
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Vernonia rhodanthoidea
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Vernonia rhodanthoidea
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Vernonia rhodanthoidea
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Vernonia rhodanthoidea
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Vernonia rhodanthoidea
JSTOR Plant Science: Vernonia rhodanthoidea
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Vernonia rhodanthoidea
Plants of the World Online: Vernonia rhodanthoidea
Tropicos: Vernonia rhodanthoidea
Wikipedia: Vernonia rhodanthoidea